亚开行-为孟加拉国疫苗生产创造有利环境：前景和政策建议（英）.pdf

ADBBRIEFSNO.300MAY2024CreatinganEnablingEnvironmentforVaccineManufacturingin Bangladesh:LandscapeandPolicy RecommendationsKEYPOINTS•Thecoronavirusdiseasepandemichighlightedinequitableaccesstovaccinesleadingtocallsforscalingdomesticvaccinemanufacturing.•Givenitssocialandeconomicprogress,BangladeshwilltransitionoutofGavisupportby2029andgraduatefromtheleastdevelopedcountrylistby 2026.•ToattractinternationalvaccineinvestmentinBangladesh,advancingdomesticmanufacturingviatechnologytransfersisessentialduetofinancingneedsandTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRightsprovisions.•Keypolicyactionsacrosssixcomponentsinclude:intellectualpropertyprotection,skilledworkforce,marketsizeandpotential,regulatoryenvironment,tradepolicies,andotherextrinsicfactors.•Intheshortterm,internationalpartnershipsfor capacitybuildingandtradebarrierremoval,coupledwithlong-termeffortstodevelopaskilledvaccinemanufacturingworkforceandregulatorysystems,canboostinwardinvestmentinBangladesh.ISBN978-92-9270-709-5(print)ISBN978-92-9270-710-1(PDF)ISSN2071-7202(print)ISSN2218-2675(PDF)PublicationStockNo.BRF240276-2DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/BRF240276-2INTRODUCTIONANDBACKGROUNDThecoronavirusdisease(COVID-19)pandemichighlightedthecriticalneedforaccessibleandeffectivepreventiveandtreatmentmeasuresforbothexistingandnewdiseases.Duringtheinitialstagesofthepandemic,countries’responseswerelimitedtoinfectioncontrolpracticessuchasphysicaldistancing,handwashingandsanitization,andmaskingprotocols.WithinayearoftheemergenceofCOVID-19,multiplevaccinecandidatesweredevelopedandtrialed,leadingtothefirstemergencyuseauthorizations(EUAs)1forCOVID-19vaccinesinDecember2020.2However,challengesinequitablesupplyofthesevaccinescontinuedtoafflict countriesacrosstheglobethroughoutthenext2years,inpartduetovaccine nationalism.3Internationaleffortsaddressedthischallengefromthebeginningofthepandemic,suchasthroughtheCOVID-19VaccineGlobalAccess(COVAX)initiative.However,unequaldistributionofvaccinescontinuedevenastheemergenceofnewCOVID-19virusvariantslimitedthesuccessofthedevelopedvaccines.4ByOctober2022,while77%of theoverallpopulationhadreceivedinitialdosesofCOVID-19vaccinesinhigh-incomecountries(HICs)anduppermiddle-incomecountries,only50%haddone soinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries(LMICs)(footnote3).CountriesintheAsiaandPacificregionwerenotimmunetothischallenge,irrespectiveoftheireconomicstrengths.WhereasHICssuchastheUnitedStates(US) andtheUnitedKingdomwereabletocommencelarge-scaleimmunizationcampaignsalmostNote:ADBrecognizes“Korea”astheRepublicofKorea.1EUAs,orEmergencyUseListings,arerisk-basedtoolsorproceduresusedbyglobalorganizationsandnationalregulatoryagenciessuchastheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)ortheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)forassessingandlistingunlicensedvaccines,therapeutics,andin-vitrodiagnosticswiththeultimateaimofexpeditingtheavailabilityoftheseproductstopeopleaffectedbyapublichealthemergencyincludinginfectiousdiseases.Thesetoolshelpinterestedprocurementagenciesandgovernmentsindeterminingtheacceptabil