国际能源署-拉脱维亚2024-能源政策审查（英）.pdf

EnergyPolicyReviewLatvia2024TheIEAexaminesthefullspectrumofenergyissuesincludingoil,gasandcoalsupplyanddemand,renewableenergytechnologies,electricitymarkets,energyefficiency,accesstoenergy,demandsidemanagementandmuchmore.Throughitswork,theIEAadvocatespoliciesthatwillenhancethereliability,affordabilityandsustainabilityofenergyinits31membercountries,13associationcountriesandbeyond.Thispublicationandanymapincludedhereinarewithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritory,tothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundariesandtothenameofanyterritory,cityorarea.Source:IEA.InternationalEnergyAgencyWebsite:www.iea.orgIEAmembercountries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzechRepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNewZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovakRepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublicofTürkiyeUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesTheEuropeanCommissionalsoparticipatesintheworkoftheIEAIEAassociationcountries:ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouthAfricaThailandUkraineINTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCYExecutiveSummaryPAGE|3IEA.CCBY4.0.Latvia2024EnergyPolicyReviewExecutivesummaryLatvia’senergytransitionispoisedforrenewedmomentum.TheIEApeerreviewofLatviatookplace18-25SeptemberaspartofLatvia’saccessiontotheIEA.ItcameatanopportunetimeforLatvia,whichisintheprocessofupdatingitsNationalEnergyandClimatePlan2021-2030,inlinewithmoreambitiousEuropeanUnion(EU)climateandenergytransitiontargets.ThecreationofanewMinistryofClimateandEnergyinJanuary2023willfurthersupportLatvia’sclimateandenergygoalsbyensuringamorededicatedandsystematicgovernmentapproachtopolicymakingandimplementation.Moreover,givenLatvia’shistoricdependenceonenergyimportsfromRussia,itstransitiontocleanenergysourcesoffersanimportantopportunitytobolsterenergysecurityandlowerenergyprices.ExecutiveSummaryLatvia2024EnergyPolicyReviewPAGE|4IEA.CCBY4.0.Theelectricitysectorisdominatedbyrenewables,butmoredecarbonisationisneededinothersectors.Latviahasalreadymadeinroadsontheshareofrenewableenergyinitsfuelmix,withsizeablesharesofbioenergyandhydropower.Renewableenergysourcesdominateitselectricitymix,accountingforaroundthree-quartersofdomesticgeneration.Othersectors,notablytransportandbuildings,continuetoconsumelargeamountsofenergyandrelyondatedinfrastructurethathindersstrongerreductionsinenergyconsumptionandgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions.Thegovernmentshould,therefore,prioritiseenergyefficiencyandfuelswitchinginthesesectors.Sectoralroadmapswouldclarifypathwaystomeetingclimatetargets.Latvia’snationaltargetistoreducetotalGHGemissions(withoutlanduse,land-usechangeandforestry[LULUCF])by65%from1990levelsby2030.Latviaisstillontracktowardthisgoalasemissionshadfallenby59%in2021,thoughmostofthiswasachievedbetween1990and1995,basedoneconomicshiftsafterindependencefromtheSovietUnion.Emissionsinrecentyearshave,infact,beengrowing.UnusuallyforanEUcountry,mostofLatvia’semissionsfalloutsideoftheEUEmissionsTradingScheme(ETS).AsLatvialookstowardachie