世界银行-关键环节：为能源转型赋予公用事业权力（英）.pdf

TheCriticalLinkEmpoweringUtilitiesfortheEnergyTransitionPublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorizedPublicDisclosureAuthorized©2024InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,Telephone:202-473-1000www.worldbank.orgThisreportwaspreparedbyaWorldBankEnergyandExtractivesGlobalPracticeteamledbyDavidLoewandTatyanaKramskayaunderthestrategicguidanceandgeneraldirectionofGuangzheChen,StephaneStraub,DemetriosPapathanasiou,andAniBalabanyan.CoreWorldBankteammembersfromtheEnergyandExtractivesteamincluded(inalphabeticalorder)RafaeldeSáFerreira,SelenaJihyunLee,TakeshiMori,andTomRemy.The&isLi5g1hLiterpretations,andconclusionsexpressedinthisworkdonotnecessarilyrc"cwththeviewsofTheWorldBank,itsBoardofExecutiveDirectors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgementonthepartofTheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries.TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthiswork.The&iliwLlkhgU..nathnfESMAPisgratefullyacknowledged.ESMAPisapartnershipbetweentheWorldBankandover20partnerstohelplow-andmiddle-incomecountriesreducepovertyandboostgrowththroughsustainableenergysolutions.ESMAP"sanalyticalandadvisoryservicesarefullyintegratedwithintheWorldBank"scountry&iliwLi5hlish.nkLwydialogueintheenergysector.ThroughtheWorldBank,ESMAPworkstoacceleratetheenergytransitionrequiredtoachieveSustainableDevelopmentGoal7toensureaccesstnhl)ordable,reliable,sustainable,andmodernenergyforall.IthelpstoshapeWorldBankstrategiesandprogramstoachievetheWorldBankClimateChangeActionPlantargets.RightsandPermissions.Thematerialinthisworkissubjecttocopyright.BecausetheWorldBankencouragesdisseminationofitsknowledge,thisworkmaybereproduced,inwholeorinpart,fornoncommercialpurposesaslongasfullattributiontothisworkisgiven.Therecommendedcitationisasfollows:WorldBank(2024).7RPch4aLtLwlkhvLim8hXmpoweringUtilitiesfortheEnergyTransition.6Washington,DC:WorldBank.Photocredit:WorldBankFlickr/Shutterstock.Anyqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedto:WorldBankPublications,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA.Fax:202-522-2625;email:pubrights@worldbank.orgCONTENTSExecutiveSummarySection1:Introduction&MethodologySection2:HistoricandCurrentGlobalUtilityPerformanceSection3:NewChallengesandOpportunitiesforUtilityPerformanceSection4:EmpoweringUtilitiesfortheEnergyTransitionandUniversalAccessBibliographyTheCriticalLink:EmpoweringUtilitiesfortheEnergyTransitionIIV15142839FIGURESFigure1:SustainableutilitiesfortheenergytransitionanduniversalaccesstoelectricityFigure2:NumberofutilitiesintheUPBEATdatabasebycountryincomeandownership(left),andgeographicdistribution(right)Figure3:NumberofutilitiesaccordingtotheshareofvariablerenewablesintheircountaBjsgenerationmix(left),andchangeintheircountaBjselectricityaccessrate(right)Figure4:Shareofutilitiesbycountryinc