ITIF-美国各州和地区能源创新指数：地区数据（英）.pdf

itif.orgUSStateandRegionalEnergyInnovationIndexCHADA.SMITHANDDAVIDM.HART|MAY2024Vibrantregionalenergyinnovationecosystemsareimportantforanynationalnet-zerostrategy.Buttounderstandthepotentialcontributionstheycanmaketothepriceandperformanceofcleanenergytechnologies,wemustfirstbenchmarktheresourcestheybringtobear.KEYTAKEAWAYSAdiversearrayofnewandimprovedenergytechnologiesthatemitfarfewergreenhousegases,whilematching(ornearlyso)thepriceandperformanceofincumbenttechnologies,areneededtoreducetheharmsofclimatechange.StateandregionalenergyinnovationecosystemsintheUnitedStatescanandshouldmakesignificantcontributionstothedevelopmentandimprovementofthesetechnologies.Recentlegislationhasestablishedfederalpoliciestostrengthentheseecosystems.Manystatesandregionsarerespondingtothisopportunitybyadoptingcleanenergy-basedeconomicdevelopmentstrategies.TheITIFU.S.StateandRegionalInnovationIndexprovidesabaselineagainstwhichtomeasurethefutureimpactofthislegislationatthestateandregionallevel.Itcovers9categoriesofinnovationsystemfunctionsand14areasoftechnologicalspecialization.Thefederalgovernmentshouldcontinuetosupportstateandregionalcapacity-buildingforcleanenergyinnovationsothatbottom-upstrategiesstandabetterchanceofsuccess.Federalprogramsshouldstrengthencoordinationwithoneanother.INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY&INNOVATIONFOUNDATION|MAY2024PAGE2CONTENTSKeyTakeaways.1Introduction.....2RegionalInnovationEcosystems:EnginesoftheEnergyTransition3FromTBEDtoCEBED:TheRegionalMomentinU.S.EnergyandClimateInnovationPolicy4MeasuringStateandRegionalEnergyInnovationEcosystems.7TheIndex11ConclusionsandRecommendations.....17Appendix1:IndicatorsandWeights.....20Appendix2:MethodologyandSources.43Appendix3:SearchStrategies.60Endnotes.69INTRODUCTIONTheUnitedStates,alongwiththerestoftheworld,hasembarkedonatransitiontocleanenergy.Thetransition’sultimateendpointisnet-zerogreenhousegas(GHG)emissionstolimittheimpactofclimatechange.Energysecurity,humanhealth,localenvironmentalprotection,andeconomicopportunityalsomotivatetheglobalcommunitytopursuethisimportantobjective.Butthepathtonetzeroisstrewnwithobstacles.Manyofthetechnologiestheworldneedstostayonitaretooexpensive,performtoopoorly,oraresimplyunavailablerightnow.Innovationshouldthereforebeamajorfocusofanynet-zerostrategy.1Regionalenergyinnovationecosystemshavegreatpotentialtocontributetosuchstrategies.Geographicallyconcentratednetworksoftechnologyandservicefirms,researchinstitutions,andnonprofitandpublicsectorentitiescoulddrivepriceandperformanceimprovementsinadiversearrayofcleanenergysourcesanduses.ThisreportassessesthepotentialofenergyinnovationecosystemsacrosstheUnitedStatestocontributetothisimportantmission,drawingonawiderangeofdata,suchasfederalandprivatefunding,publicationsandpatents,andstateandregionalpoliciesandpublicopinion,coveringninecategoriesofinnovationsystemfunctions,tocompileanindexofthispotential.Fourteentechnology-specificindices,whichdrawonsubsetsofthemaindatabase,complementthemainindexandhighlightregionaldiversity.Theindex,w